Novo Nordisk A/S is a global pharmaceutical firm dedicated to the investigation, creation, manufacturing, and distribution of medicinal products across a vast international footprint. Its market presence extends throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, various parts of Asia (including Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan), and North America. The company's operations are structured into two principal business units: Diabetes and Obesity Care, and Rare Disease. The Diabetes and Obesity Care division delivers therapies for diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular ailments, and other emerging therapeutic areas. Meanwhile, the Rare Disease division concentrates on providing treatments for rare blood disorders, uncommon endocrine conditions, and hormone replacement solutions. In addition to its core pharmaceutical offerings, Novo Nordisk produces specialized medical equipment such as insulin pens, growth hormone pens, and injection needles. It also pioneers smart digital solutions for diabetes management, including advanced insulin pens and the Dose Check application, designed to guide insulin dosage. The company engages in strategic alliances, notably a partnership with UNICEF to combat childhood obesity and a collaboration with Valo Health, Inc. to discover and advance novel drug pipelines in the cardiometabolic space. Founded in 1923, Novo Nordisk A/S is headquartered in Bagsvaerd, Denmark.